Bubble Sort
Selection Sort
Insertion Sort
Merge Sort
Quick Sort
Heap Sort
Linear Search
Binary Search
Jump Search
BST Insert
BST Search
In-order Traversal

Breadth-First Search
Depth-First Search
Dijkstra's Shortest Path
Prim's MST
Kruskal's MST
Topological Sort (Kahn's)
Tower of Hanoi
N-Queens
Permutations (Backtracking)
Fibonacci (DP)
0/1 Knapsack
Longest Common Subsequence
Coin Change (Min Coins)

Hill Climbing
Simulated Annealing
Differential Evolution

Q-Learning

Genetic Algorithm
Particle Swarm Optimization
Ant Colony Optimization

Monte Carlo Simulation

Placeholder — future integration.

"The invisible architecture through which intelligence becomes impact."

06Probabilistic Intelligence·Stochastic Estimation

Monte Carlo Simulation

⏱ O(N)◧ O(1)

Step 1 / 27

Speed

Speed

06Probabilistic Intelligence

Monte Carlo Simulation

Stochastic Estimation

Averaging over many random samples.

Time

O(N)

Space

O(1)

Applications

Risk modeling
Physics simulation
Integration in high dimensions

Reasoning Trace

Estimate π by sampling random points in the unit square. Fraction inside the quarter-circle × 4 → π.

inside0

total0

pi_estimate?

Principle in Pseudocode

1inside ← 0, total ← 0
2repeat N times:
3 (x,y) ← uniform in [0,1]²
4 if x² + y² ≤ 1: inside++
5 total++
6π ≈ 4·inside / total

Reference implementation · pseudo

// Monte Carlo estimation of π
// See pseudocode →